Signs Of Stress Essays - Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Signs Of Stress In researching stress, one would learn about what stress is, the early warning signs of stress, the different types of stress, and how to build resistance to it. Stress is a combination of physical, mental, and emotional feelings that result from pressure, worry, and anxiety. The pressures from stress are called stressors. Some examples of common stressors are: divorce, death in the family, job change, pregnancy, a large mortgage, marriage, and retirement. In medicine, stress is, a physical, chemical, or emotional development that causes strains that can lead to physical illness. (Microsoft Encarta) Some of the most common symptoms of stress are emotional distress, muscular problems, and stomach problems. Emotional distress includes anger, irritability, and anxiety. Muscular problems such as tension headaches, upper and lower back pain, and jaw pain (TMJ), are symptoms of stress. Muscular tensions that lead to pulled muscles and tendon and ligament problems, are symptoms of stress as well. Other symptoms of stress are stomach, gut and bowel problems. Heartburn, acid stomach, ulcers, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome are examples of these problems. Symptoms like cold hands or feet, shortness of breath, and chest pain are also common. The early warning signs of stress include apathy, anxiety, irritability, mental fatigue, and overcompensation or denial. What is stressful for one person, may or may not be stressful for another; each person responds to stress in a different way. A person can plan their life so that stress doesn't overwhelm them. Managed stress makes people productive and happy. There are four types of stress. There is acute stress, episodic acute stress, chronic stress, and traumatic stress. Each type of stress has its own characteristics, symptoms, duration, and treatments. Acute stress is the common type of stress. Acute stress is exciting and thrilling in small amount, but too much is exhausting. Overdoing it on acute stress can lead to psychological distress, tension headaches, upset stomach, and other symptoms. Some examples of stressors that can cause acute stress are: an auto accident that crumpled the car fender; a child's occasional problems at school; and so on. Acute stress doesn't have enough time to do extensive damage that is associated with long-term stress. Episodic Acute stress is what people who suffer from acute stress frequently have. These people's lives are so disorderly that they are constantly in a state of chaos and crisis. There are always in a hurry, but they are always late. Another form of episodic acute stress comes from no-stop worry. These people tend to be over aroused and tense. The symptoms of episodic acute stress are the symptoms of extended over arousal: persistent tension headaches, migraines, hypertension, chest pain, and heart disease. Suffers are usually very resistant to change of any kind. Acute stress can come up in anyone's life but it is highly treatable and manageable. A more serious type of stress is chronic stress. Chronic stress is the grinding stress that wears people away day after day, year after year. (Battison, 1997 p. 19) It destroys minds, bodies, and lives. Chronic stress comes when a person doesn't see a way out of a miserable situation. The worst part of chronic stress is that people get used to it and forget that it's there. Chronic stress kills by means of suicide, violence, heart attack, stroke, and perhaps, even cancer. The symptoms of chronic stress are hard to treat and could require a lot of medical and behavioral treatment, therapy, and stress management . Traumatic stress is a special kind of chronic stress, known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is caused by trauma that is not handled correctly. Some example of traumatic experiences are: accidents, rape, verbal, physical, psychological, or sexual abuse, being in the presence of extreme violence, a brush with death, natural disasters, death of a loved one, and imprisonment. The symptoms of PTSD are flashbacks, over arousal, emotional numbness or loss of feeling, along with extreme emotional outbursts to minor things. People with PTSD suffer from problems with concentration, controlling impulses, and decision making, The long term consequences of PTSD are depression, anxiety, behavioral disorders, multiple personality disorder, and suicide. There are three basic strategies for dealing with stress. The first strategy is altering situations to make them less

Child Intervention Therapy

Child Intervention Therapy Is psychological intervention with kids more complex than intervention with adults? What methods do you consider most effective with young populations?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Child Intervention Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Health professionals who are concerned with maintaining the psychological welfare of children encounter several obstacles in their practice. Relative to adults, children have more complex psychological needs that require better-developed intervention programs and strategies. One of the major barriers to effective psychological intervention in children is their inability to make personal decisions in important matters of life. In addition, the inability of children to express their feelings and thoughts effectively adds to the complexity of psychological intervention in children. This complexity exists because age is a critical aspect in the selection of psychological treatment, the objectives of the treatment are important, and the symptoms of the disorder that are evident in a child are considered. There are four main classes of psychological interventions that are applied by health professionals. These include individual psychotherapy, behavior modification, remedial therapies and education, and social and cognitive behavioral therapy (Ebert et al, 2008). Several approaches are used in individual psychotherapy. They include client-centered therapy, child and adolescent psychoanalysis, supportive psychotherapy and exploratory psychotherapy (Ebert et al, 2008). Supportive therapy is a highly selective approach that does not have a single theoretical basis that may be considered humanistic in nature. It is best suited for treatment of adjustment disorders. Client-centered therapy is considered play therapy that is highly effective in psychological interventions children. In this therapeutic approach, a therapist uses several methods that encourage a child to explore personal feelings in a way that helps the therapist understand the feelings of the child. It is best suited for treatment of mild anxiety disorders and adjustment reactions (Ebert et al, 2008). Exploratory psychotherapy integrates both play therapy and verbal therapy. A therapist uses interpretations that are based on the child’s play, verbal behavior and non-verbal behavior to resolve the child’s unconscious psychological struggles. This approach is effective in the treatment of anxiety, somatoform and several other personality disorders. The difference between psychoanalysis and exploratory psychotherapy is that psychoanalysis is more intense.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is recommended for children under the age of 5 because it focuses on unconscious psychological conflicts in the child. It is effective in treatment of borderline personalit y disorders, anxiety and traumatic experiences. Interpersonal psychotherapy focuses on problem-solving approaches and the self-awareness concept to treat adolescents with major depression (Ebert et al, 2008). These treatments are not effective in the treatment of severe psychological disorders, hence not recommended for these disorders. I notice great value and effectiveness in music therapy, play therapy, ropes courses, music therapy and animal therapy. These therapies use approaches that encourage children to participate in therapy hence increasing their effectiveness. For example, play therapy creates an environment in which children are comfortable to express their feelings and thoughts. The fact that play therapy focuses on the emotions of children helps them in their emotional and spiritual development (McKinney and Power, 2012). Play therapy has many benefits. For example, secure attachment is associated with play therapy and intense free play. References Ebert, H., Loosen, T ., Nurcombe, B., and Leckman, F. (2008). Current  Diagnosis and Treatment Psychiatry 2nd Ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. McKinney, C., and Power, L. (2012). Childhood Playtime, Parenting, and Psychopathology in Emerging Adults: Implications for Research and Play Therapists. International Journal of Play Therapy, 21(4), 215-231.

Understand the essential elements of a valid contract in a business Essay

Understand the essential elements of a valid contract in a business context - Essay Example Some terms are fundamental whilst others are incidental. Fundamental terms are core components of a contract which form the very essence of a contract. In L Schuler AG v Wickman Machine Tool Sales Ltd1 it was held that conditions are the fundamental terms of a contract. They determine the very essence of the contract. The breach of a condition leads to the repudiation of the contract by the aggrieved party. In other words when the conditions are breached, the party that is unsatisfied is free to walk out of the contract because the contract was non-existent in the first place. Aside the core terms of a contract, there are other incidental promises that are meant to make the contract meaningful. In Chanter V Hopkins2 the judge held that â€Å"... a warranty is an express or implied statement of something which the party indicates shall be part of the contract and though part of the contract, yet collateral to the express object of it.† Albert Thomas proposal seeks to provide parking services for cars of individuals that are traveling via the nearby airport and will like to leave their cars. This is a service that creates some kind of contract between Albert Thomas and the customers that will use the parking lot. Thus the contract must have conditions and warranties. Condition: The condition will involve the provision of a space within which customers can park their cars. This parking space is meant to provide safe parking for the cars that will be brought by customers. Although these terms and conditions are important, there is the need to come up with certain important clauses to set the parameters within which Thomas can provide the services without incurring excessive liabilities. Also, these clauses will reduce ambiguity between Mr. Thomas and his customers. They include Penalty Clause, Exclusion Clauses and Exemption Clauses. The Penalty Clauses will identify certain penalties

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example â€Å"Daddy,† according to the argument presented by Strangeways, is a political poem which portrays the holocaust and oppression in deeply subjective, personalised and emotive terms. Narbeshuber contends that critics have misinterpreted both Plath’s â€Å"Daddy and â€Å"Lady Lazarus† as journeys into the poet’s own tortured and troubled psyche. This is not true. â€Å"Daddy,† as with the other mentioned poem, constitutes a declaration of rebellion against the standardized and acceptable images of the female and her relationship with the men in her life. Society and culture have imposed certain behaviors on the female, all of which insist that she be submissive, beautiful and soft spoken. In â€Å"Daddy† Plath declares her rejection of these images and behaviors through outright rebellion. Therefore, this poem should not be read as one which reveals the poet’s own troubled psyche and weakness but as one which declares her strength and independence of societal images and stereotypes. Frye argues that Olsen’s short story is not only an exploration of the complexities of the mother-daughter relationship, as the majority of critics have maintained but, an exploration of the complexities of the mother’s own memories and psyche. In its exploration of the mother’s past, Frye establishes a correlation between the past and the present, illustrating the extent to which the latter is immediately influenced and determined by the former. Frye contends that the authenticity of this story and the extent to which the mother’s memories come across as true leads to the suspicion that this story is an examination of Olsen’s own self. Cox argues that the story exposes the emptiness which dominates the lives of teenagers and which causes them to lose their way, both in the literal and figurative senses of the word. As she contends, the title of the story is not just indicative of its primary theme but instructs readers to interpret the

Channel Conflict Analysis of Schwinn Essay Example for Free

Channel Conflict Analysis of Schwinn Essay With Schwinn’s recent expansion into many large-scale retail stores (i. e. Wal-Mart, Toys-R-Us, Target, etc. ), they began to shift into a dual channel marketing strategy. Often times, if not handled properly, this type of approach can result in significant problems for some or all of the distribution channel partners. Fortunately for Schwinn however, they were able to make many critical decisions which ensured that each of the partners’ distinct interests was narrowly aligned with their own. This proactive plan not only motivated many of their smaller independent bicycle dealers to continue carrying their products but it also allowed Schwinn to effectively reach a much larger segment of their target market. By closely analyzing this case, we can learn many valuable lessons regarding the overall importance of strong channel management. Product differentiation was one of the primary ways that Schwinn managed to avoid channel conflict. Schwinn segmented the market and delivered to the different segments of the market through different channels. The product line delivered through the mass market channel consisted of completely different bicycles than those found at the independent bicycle dealers. This segmentation reduced the likelihood of conflict between the two channels, since the two product lines were targeted at segments with little to no crossover. Additionally, Schwinn introduced products like the Sting Ray which had nostalgic appeal and stretched beyond the traditional customer base of the independent bicycle dealers. These types of bicycles provided them with a unique product and furthermore a healthy margin to bolster profits. By maintaining distinct product lines for their two channels, Schwinn was able to minimize multi-channel conflict. The key to motivating channel members is to provide value and benefits to each partner in order to align interests and thus achieve the ultimate goal: satisfy the customer’s needs. Schwinn used both push and pull strategies effectively. By offering a relatively higher margin level than other high-end manufacturers catering to independent bicycle dealers, they were able to restore the confidence and interest of their long term retailers in spite of going for a dual channel strategy. Moreover, as mentioned in the article, unlike most companies in the industry, there was no complicated loyalty formula required to get the best prices from Schwinn. In addition, Schwinn did not require specific pre-order sales in order to carry their products. Instead, suppliers were granted flexible purchasing options so they did not have to unnecessarily stock inventories during their off-seasons (i. e. winter months in cold climates). This push strategy not only reduced the administrative cost of the retailers, but also improved the inventory turnover and ultimately the retailers’ bottom line. Conversely, Schwinn was also able to simultaneously create a pull strategy after they utilized the extensive media exposure of products, such as the Sting Ray, to increase the brand recognition among customers thus drawing them to the independent bicycle dealers. In addition to this, the specialty storeowners found significant profits lying in the repairing of these bikes and selling of parts/accessories. This proved to be a great factor for specialty bike owners to remain in business while selling Schwinn. They had a clear edge over other big retailers like Wal-Mart who did not provide any after sales service to its customers. Because they were making money by servicing the bikes sold at the mass market stores, the independent bicycle dealers were more tolerant of losing some sales on the edge of their segment to Wal-Mart, Target, Toys-R-Us, etc. Schwinn has done a good job of heading off any channel conflict by keeping the incentives aligned for its two main distribution channels. By expanding its product line into major retailers, the company has been able to target a new segment of casual bike riders. With Schwinn’s new line of entry-level bikes, big-box stores can satisfy the needs of casual bike riders by offering a large selection of affordable bikes at convenient locations. Meanwhile, Schwinn still provides a number of incentives to local bike shops, which form the company’s other main distribution channel. These shops still profit from service and repair, which large retailers do not offer. Additionally, some of Schwinn’s higher-end models are exclusively available in bike shops. Finally, Schwinn is flexible with its inventory requirements and offers good margins. By offering different incentives to each of its distribution channels, Schwinn has been able to target more customers while also keeping its retailers happy.

Fantastic Elements of Saint George and The Dragon :: Saint George and The Dragon

Fantastic Elements of Saint George and The Dragon      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Margaret Hodges adapted "Saint George and The Dragon" from its original work that was written by Edmund Spencer. "Saint George and The Dragon" is a short story that was published in 1984. Margaret Hodges, who adapted this fantastic literature, is from North America. " Saint George and The Dragon" shows many characteristic of Magical Realism; however, it is Fantastic Literature.    "Saint George and The Dragon" is similar to Magical Realism because the characters within the story treat the events as a normal occurrence. The way in which reality is mixed with a touch of non-reality supports that the story is one of Magical Realism. Another essential part of Magical Realism is the normality of the characters. The lead character within "Saint George and The Dragon" is ordinary or mundane. Unlike fantastic literature with its Hercules and many unreal heroes, Saint George is just a normal human being. Finally, the one element that carries the largest weight is no limitations are set through out the entire story. The way that the story sets no boundaries is extremely important. It is for that reason that "Saint George and The Dragon" is probably teetering on the balance of being listed under Magical Realism.    "Saint George and The Dragon" does have its differences from Magical Realism, though. For instance, many things within the short story could never happen or even exist. Dragons, Fairies, and Dwarfs are all unrealistic. What is even more unrealistic is the fact that Saint George battles the dragon and defeats it.    Biblical allusions are sewn throughout the short story. The biblical allusions seemed as if they where almost subliminally encoded. Perhaps the simplest clue is in the title, Saint George. However, if one reads closely one can begin to pick up on the biblical allusions:    But the old hermit said, "The Fairy Queen has sent you to do brave deeds in this world. That High City that you see is in another world. Before you climb the path to it and hang your shield on its wall, go down into the valley and fight the dragon that you were sent to fight. It is time for me to tell you that you were not born of fairy folk, but of English earth. The fairies stole you away as a baby while you slept

Rugged Individualism

History as we know has many ways of describing it, with all the historical events that occurred in the past it is a result of our American system. As Americans, we live in a land of opportunity and because of that we have the freedom to live . â€Å"Every individual should be able to support themselves out that wouldn't include the government's aid†. This idea was originally introduced in Herbert Hoover's speech when he was president of the United States. Although this idea refers back during the Great Depression, Hoover believed that Americans shouldn't be assisted somehow by the government, financially speaking.In my perspective, I see rugged individualism as to any individual who is not being aided from the government, but also not just financially, but incentively through the mind. As I read along through books that relate to the American Dream, Hoover's idea of rugged individualism became more visible. Similarly books like â€Å"Ragged Dick† by Horatio Alger, †Å"The Great Gatsby† by Scott Fitzgerald and â€Å"A Raison in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry, are comparable that the idea of rugged individualism is still being used and even through today's society.To illustrate rugged individualism through the book Ragged Dick, Alger created a book disclosing the 19th century lifestyle of a poor boot black. In this book rugged individualism shows because of how Alger describes the motivation through his main character â€Å"Dick†. He was fourteen years young and worked as a ‘bootblack' aka shoeshiner boy and slept in dirty torn up clothes on the streets of New York City. Alger portrayed him as any ordinary boy that lived the hard life in the streets; he smokes and drinks occasionally.However, Dick would still practice good deeds and some gentlemen would be impressed that how would a bootblack be so humble and attentive in his work in the streets of New York. â€Å".. He was above doing anything mean or dishonorable. He would not steal, or cheat, or impose upon younger boys, but was frank and straight-forward, manly and self-reliant. His nature was a noble one, and had saved him from all mean faults. † Dick is a good example of someone who I thought that reflected rugged  individualism.He was brought up by himself and never had much of a role mode to look up to while growing up. He relied on himself to get customers to get their boots shined, he didn't complain about living on the streets or how filthy is his clothes was from the work that he does. In my point of view, Dick didn't have help from anyone, or didn't expect anything from anyone, and if he did he would be more than grateful and smart enough to invest it in the right ways.In the book, he was treated very well by an older man and his son, and during that time in the book he acted very humble as he explains that he lives on a cardboard box on the streets and didn't really see that hygiene wasn't so important to him, but what was im portant was how he was going to feed himself and live in the future. And as soon as he found a plan to get better at what he does he uses that money to save for an apartment and to invest in for the future. Although wealth can bring you happiness and success in life, it can also you direct you in the wrong places.The main character of the book by Fitzgerald is Gatsby who is a wealthy man. He tries to use his wealth to attract the attention of a women named Daisy. This is not the right way of to get someone to love you but he's also thinking that his money can bring him success of happiness. He believes that his money will make him succeed in his attempt to get Daisy to fall back in love with him. He would be known to throw the largest parties every saturday, and his guest wouldn't even know who is he truly and why there's a party. At that time in the early 1920's, every person in new york city loved to party.Furthermore Daisy likes the fancy things, the partying and it all seems so good, but her heart is still committed to her husband. Therefor Gatsby's plan was not successful because his plan wasn't a way of receiving love back. Rugged individualism may not seem evident, but it does in a way that Gatsby wanted to help from his money to get his dreams to come true didn't work out. For he wanted the parties to draw her attention, even his large land and big mansion couldn't help him to fulfill his dreams with Daisy. Lorraine Hansberry created a book that was about dreams.In the story A Raisin in the Sun, the main characters each have their own dream that they want to fulfill. The Youngers family struggle to attain these dreams through out the end of the story. Walter who is the man of the house wants to afford things for his family and give them a decent life to live and not having to hold back for his wife and kids. There's Beneatha his sister who wants to be a doctor and their Mama who just wants to best for their family. Although things didn't go as planned, fights and tension between Walter and his family even his wife, things became a learning lesson to each one.Mama always knew best, and when it all came down to one decision, it had to go Mama's way. That Walter had to turn down the offer of a big check to keep them from staying away from living at a all-white neighborhood. This taught Walter that his son, Travis, looks up to him as the man of the family, and in the long run, his decisions will be reflected on his son. He wouldn't want his son to think this is right. Walter was stubborn throughout the book that he just wanted to money to provide for his family, another house to live in, pearls to wear on his wife, and a better life for his son.But Walter didn't earn that money, it was just the life insurance of his father and he didn't earn any of it himself. In this book Walter is the example of rugged individualism because although he was stubborn to realize that it was wrong to receive that check to not live in an all-white neigh borhood. If he accepted it, the money coming in wouldn't be because he worked hard for it, it would because he wanted the white people to have their way of keeping their neighborhood an all-white neighborhood.But no one shouldn't be told to live a certain area because of their skin color. So when Walter rejects the offer, he is also accepting the fact that he will have to work harder to provide, and try to uplift his family in some way. It's better than uplifting his family in the wrong way by accepting that offer. That insurance check was tempting for Walter to accept, but he didn't and later when his son would grow older, he can then explain to him that he has worked for every bit of that money that kept his family together.In America today, we still struggle with people who don't live up to the idea of â€Å"rugged individualism†. I believe it isn't really called by that term, but people know it as the American Dream. People who aren't familiar with both are those who thin k reaching your lifetime goals don't require any effort or any struggles. For those who become millionaires are results of hard work and labor that put in to achieve in life. Anything worth having is worth fighting for, and along the path there needs to be struggles and failures, but it is still a choice to keep trying and to not give up.History as we know has many its ways of describing it, throughout all the historical events that occurred in the past it is a result of our American system. As Americans, we live in a land of opportunity and because of that we have the freedom to live. With the three books that i've mentioned, they are examples of the having the opportunity to uplift themselves in their lives. In each book they have reflected to the idea called â€Å"rugged individualism† which was introduced by Herbert Hoover when he was president of the United States.According to Hoover this idea meant that â€Å"any each individual should be able to support themselves out that wouldn't include the government's aid†. Even so, I see rugged individualism as to any individual who isn't being aided from the government, but also not just financially, but incentively through the mind. As I read through the three books, each author had their ways of reflecting rugged individualism through their characters, and with the struggles and decisions they made through the books.